這樣施肥桉樹才能長得又快又好發(fa)表時間:2020-12-07 16:16 桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)是一種速生樹(shu)(shu)種,抗逆性強(qiang),種植面積廣。在桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)種植之(zhi)中,由于種植技術的影(ying)響(xiang),對(dui)桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)的種植影(ying)響(xiang)很大。為了更(geng)好地提高(gao)桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)的種植質(zhi)量,有必要不斷加強(qiang)桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)的種植技術,從而更(geng)好地提高(gao)桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)種植的經(jing)濟(ji)效益。 桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是常綠(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),共有(you)600株。其余種(zhong)(zhong)類多見于(yu)(yu)山(shan)川平原等(deng)陽光充(chong)足(zu)的(de)地區(qu)(qu)(qu),廣泛(fan)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)東(dong)南和華南地區(qu)(qu)(qu)。桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao),蒸(zheng)騰作用較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao),透光率較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。由于(yu)(yu)桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)節水(shui)型(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),不需要經常澆水(shui),桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)更適(shi)(shi)合(he)在(zai)(zai)酸性(xing)土壤(如黃(huang)壤、紅壤)之上生長。適(shi)(shi)宜在(zai)(zai)排(pai)水(shui)良好(hao)、土壤疏松(song)、土層較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)的(de)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。我國(guo)廣東(dong)、廣西、海南等(deng)地屬亞熱帶、熱帶氣候,常年光照充(chong)足(zu),水(shui)、光、熱條件最接近桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生長特性(xing),年降(jiang)水(shui)量高(gao)(gao)(gao)出150%,是目前我國(guo)最適(shi)(shi)宜種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)地方。因為桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)耐(nai)寒耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)。桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)土壤肥力高(gao)(gao)(gao)、排(pai)水(shui)良好(hao)的(de)山(shan)地、丘(qiu)陵(ling)或丘(qiu)陵(ling)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。由于(yu)(yu)桉(an)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)對低溫非常敏感,所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)選(xuan)址時要特別注意5度(du)。 一般來說,桉樹種(zhong)(zhong)植用(yong)地(di)選擇之后(hou),種(zhong)(zhong)植后(hou)要(yao)徹底清理干凈。目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是清除土壤之中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜草和其他植物,防止殘留植被吸收養(yang)分,影響桉樹的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長。這(zhe)在人工種(zhong)(zhong)植之中(zhong)尤為(wei)重要(yao),為(wei)了營造良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)桉樹生(sheng)長環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing),最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一步就(jiu)是消滅白蟻(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天敵。白蟻(yi)不(bu)僅(jin)危害桉樹,而(er)且還會危害其他樹木。因此,這(zhe)已成(cheng)為(wei)一種(zhong)(zhong)管理方(fang)法。樹上的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)經常(chang)要(yao)完成(cheng)一項(xiang)任務(wu)。這(zhe)項(xiang)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)經常(chang)重復,而(er)且要(yao)小心。桉樹種(zhong)(zhong)植用(yong)地(di)規劃本工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實質(zhi)是合理劃分選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)和種(zhong)(zhong)植桉樹。因為(wei)是人工種(zhong)(zhong)植,不(bu)能(neng)像野生(sheng)植物一樣留給(gei)(gei)野生(sheng)植物,但(dan)必須(xu)精心規劃,才能(neng)有計劃地(di)進行(xing)。它將給(gei)(gei)當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)帶來良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)(huan)。 合理的種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)密度是(shi)保證(zheng)桉樹效益最大化的關鍵。苗木(mu)的初植(zhi)(zhi)、定植(zhi)(zhi)、管理等(deng)各因(yin)(yin)素(su)應(ying)充分考慮自(zi)然(ran)災害(hai)的發(fa)生(sheng)、發(fa)生(sheng)、管理等(deng)因(yin)(yin)素(su)。如果(guo)(guo)經(jing)營目標是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)刨花板(ban)加工(gong)的大直徑(jing)木(mu)材(cai),密度通常為100株畝(1.5-2.0)MX(3.0?4.0)m;如果(guo)(guo)經(jing)營目標是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)于切片、造(zao)紙等(deng)目的的小直徑(jing)木(mu)材(cai),則適合集(ji)約種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),密度130-150英寸畝,行距(1.5-2.0)MX(2.0-2.5)M. 桉(an)樹(shu)種(zhong)植過(guo)程(cheng)之中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)造林,植樹(shu)造林也是(shi)(shi)一項(xiang)更重(zhong)要的(de)任務,工作(zuo)人員要科(ke)學安排播種(zhong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian),一般控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)每年2月(yue)至4月(yue)。種(zhong)植工作(zuo)應在(zai)雨(yu)天(tian)進行,保證土(tu)壤水(shui)分能滿足桉(an)樹(shu)苗木生長需要,提(ti)高桉(an)樹(shu)在(zai)種(zhong)植過(guo)程(cheng)之中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)成活(huo)率。移栽過(guo)程(cheng)之中(zhong)(zhong)還應注意天(tian)氣變化,避免晴天(tian)移栽。同時(shi)(shi),桉(an)樹(shu)移栽之后(hou)應采用回填(tian)土(tu)追肥(fei),研究桉(an)樹(shu)不(bu)同生長階段所需各種(zhong)肥(fei)料的(de)用量(liang)(liang)和比例,并(bing)及時(shi)(shi)施肥(fei)。追肥(fei)的(de)最佳時(shi)(shi)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)雨(yu)之后(hou),由于雨(yu)后(hou)土(tu)壤疏松濕(shi)潤(run),有利于肥(fei)料吸收,應均勻分布,不(bu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)一處(chu),并(bing)用土(tu)覆(fu)蓋;追肥(fei)的(de)量(liang)(liang)和具(ju)體種(zhong)類視情況(kuang)而(er)定(ding);追肥(fei)后(hou)應清除雜草,以防(fang)追肥(fei)與桉(an)樹(shu)爭奪肥(fei)料。 草木生(sheng)長一(yi)般很茂(mao)盛。因此(ci),如(ru)果不及(ji)時(shi)除(chu)草,會(hui)產生(sheng)林(lin)木肥料,因此(ci),為(wei)了(le)節約成本(ben),節約水土,一(yi)般選擇(ze)以桉(an)樹為(wei)中(zhong)心的輻射除(chu)草。桉(an)樹的主要病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)有青枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)、焦枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)和(he)紅葉枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)。主要害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)為(wei)白蟻(yi)、小田虎(hu)和(he)桉(an)樹卷葉蛾。加強林(lin)地(di)管理,減少林(lin)地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)環境,加強檢疫,防止病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)蔓延桉(an)樹病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)研究,了(le)解其特點,及(ji)時(shi)發現和(he)消滅;做好(hao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)監測預報,掌(zhang)握病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發展(zhan)特點和(he)動態(tai),開展(zhan)有針(zhen)對性的防治(zhi)。 在(zai)桉樹(shu)種植(zhi)過程之(zhi)中,積極有(you)效地管理桉樹(shu),因此,在(zai)新時期桉樹(shu)種植(zhi)技術研究過程之(zhi)中,為了營(ying)造良好(hao)的(de)桉樹(shu)生長環境(jing),提高桉樹(shu)種植(zhi)管理的(de)有(you)效性,需要進(jin)行更(geng)深入的(de)探索。 |